Shingle fastener



April 7, 1925.

H. M INNES ET AL SHINGLE FASTENER Filed Feb. 28. 1925 Patented Apr, 7, less,

HUGH MAGEZINES, 0F JERSEY CITY, NEW JERSEY, AND WILLIAM J. RILEY, @E BOSllilN, MASSACHUSETTS.

SHINGLE FASTENER,

Application filed February 28, 1923. Serial No, 621,718,

T 0 all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, HUGH MAolNNns and WILLIAM J, RILEY, both citizens of the United States, and residing, respectively, at Jersey Qity, State of New Jersey, and Boston, State of Massachusetts, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Shingle Fasteners, of which the following is a specification.

This invention pertains to means for fixedly securing shingles in position upon a roof or against ash-ling in a manner to preclude distortion or curling of a shingle under the effects due to exposure to the weather.

The invention consists partly in the formation of the shingle itself, and partly in the construction of the fastener per se, and, also, in the combination of fasteners and shingles, as will be hereinafter described and claimed.

The shingle is of that kind known as a composite or asphalt shingle possessing certain flexibility, the same being usually constructed with a base of fibrous material,

such as felt, which base is rendered waterproof by impregnating the same with a suitable agent and being rendered weatherproof, more or less, by one or more coatings. Such articles are provided with a weather surface of granular material, such as crushed slate, and in one of the common varieties of such articles the shingle is folded at one corner to produce an underlying flap, the purpose of which is to make provision for nailing the shingle in position and to conceal the fastening nail. A serious defect in such flexible shingles is that the part exposed to the weather becomes distorted under the influence of heat and moisture, the shingle having a tendency to curl at or along the exposed margins.

According to this invention the shingle is fastened t0 preclude curling at the margins, and, furthermore, the fastener is constructed to serve as an aid or guide for locating the position of the overlying shingle, thus facilitating the operation of installing the shingles and aiding in laying the shingle with accuracy and precision.

Other functions and advantages of the invention will appear from the following description taken "in connection with the drawings, wherein Figure 1 is an elevation of shingles and fasteners installed in accordance with the invention,

fasteners shown respectively in Figures and 5.

The shingle it or A is a square or rectangle providcd with a straight lower edge a, and is devoid of or minus a folded flap, said shingle being out at opposite side corners 5, see dotted lines in Figure It. Said shingle is composed preferably of a base, usually of fibrous material impregnated with a waterproofing agent, usually am phaltum, and provided usually with a plurality of coatings on its weather surface, one of such coatings being a relatively high melting point asphaltum, and another of such coatings being granular material, like crushed slate, incorporated with such as phaltum coating, the resulting article being more or less flexible. In our invention the shingle may be composed of any material suitable for the purpose, although it is preferred to employ a flexible shingle of the kind particularly described.

The fastener B of Figures 1, 2 and 3 is composed of metal, or other material suitable for the purpose, various forms of such fasteners being depicted in Figures 3, 6 and 7. Said fastener comprises a body member 0 in the form of a flat plate, and a panel (2 struck up or depressed from the plate, so that the surface of the panel at is in a plane parallel to the plane of the plate a, a salient feature being the formation of ledges'or shoulders e f extending at an angle to each other and meeting in an apex g at or about the medial line of the plate a. The angle of the ledges or shoulders e f corresponds to the angle formed by the boundary edges of two underlying shingles A when in position, and the shoulders or ledges diverge from the apex g to the opposite side edges of the plate 0 constituting the body of said fastener B. In addition to panel d the fastener is provided with alocking member which may be embodied in different forms, as shown in Figures 3, 6 and 7, but in each form this locking member is adapted to oo operate with the lower straight edge of an overlying shingle A for the purpose of retaining said edge portion in compact relation to the underlying shingles A, whereby the free marginal portions of each overlying shingle is so retained or confined as to preclude that tendency of the shingle material to become distorted by solar heat and atmospheric changes. In Figure 3, the looking member is in the form of a flange h extending continuously across the lower edge of the fastener and produced by bending the lower edge of the metal in an upward direction so as to occupy an overhanging relation ,to the plate 0 and panel (Z, the locking member or flange being spaced relatively to the plate and the panel sufliciently to accommodate the thickness of the composite materials constituting the shingle to be locked.

The fastener of Figure 6 comprises the plate 0 and panel d with the ledges e f, .as heretofore described, but the locking meansis embodied in a plurality of flanges 2', j, lo, whereof the relatively short flangcsik are at the opposite lower corners of the late and areextended or projected in one irection from the plane of the fastener, whereas the longer member j is in the form of a flange bent in an opposite direction from the plane of the plate and extends in a direction intermediate the positions occupied by the short flanges, z, k.

The fastener of Figure 7 is similar in the main to those depicted in Figures 3 and 6, except that the order of the short and long flanges is reversed; i. e. the fastener comprises the plate 0, panel (1, with the ledges, e, f, and flanges Z, m, n, whereof the short flanges Z n are at the opposite lower corners of the plate and bent in one direction therefrom, whereas the longer intermediate flange m is bent in an opposite direction from the plate. f

The fastener of Fi ure 3 is used in connection with underlying shingles A and overlying shingles A as shown in Figures 1 and 2. A course of underlying shingles A is applied on the roof or siding in the usual way so that the edges of the two adjacent shingles are at an angle and the cut off corners b are in abutting contact, see dotted lines in Figure 1. A fastener B is positioned in operative relation to each pair of the underlying shingles so that the panel d lies in the angle or corner formed by the two shingles, with the ledges or shoulderse f in contact with the respective edges of said shingles, and with the plate 0 in lapping relation to the faces of the two said underlying shingles, and with the locking member h extending upwardly from the plane of the plate and the panel. Said fastener is secured fixedly in position by nailing it, for which purpose nail holes 0 are provided 7v in the edge between the cutoff corners a, 6

in the plate 0 and in the panel, through which proper nails are driven through the fastener and the shingles, as indicated at o in Figure 2. The overlying shingle A is now placed over the underlying shingle A and plate 0 of fastener B, the lower straight edge a of said shingle A being tucked or received within the flange h of the fas- 'tener.

It will be noted that the position of the fastener is determined by the abutting contact of the ledges e f with the corners of the two adjacent shingles in the lower course, and that the flange h of said fastener aids in the location of the overlying shingle because the straight edge a of said overlying shingle is received within the long flange h of said fastener. The plate a and panel d of each fastener co-operate with the two un-' derlying shingles in a manner to reinforce 8 the angle formed by the proximate edges of said shingles, whereas the lower straight edge of the overlying shingle A fits snugly in the flange h of the fastener in a manner to be protected effectively by the metal of 9 the fastener and to be confined in close relation to the roof or siding, thus holding the shingle against distortion or curling and protecting the edge against wind pressure which has a tendency to lift the shingle 9 when exposed at its edges to the weather.

The fastener of Figure 6 is used in conjunction with shingles notched at p in the diverging proximate edges, as shown in Figure 4, each shingle having a straight low- 1 er edge a, the cut off corner I) and a notch The underlying shingles A are positioned for the corners b to abut and for the notches p to lie in the same transverse plane. The l fastener of Figure 6 is positioned for the shoulders e f of panel d to contact with the edges of the shingles between the notches p and cut off corner I), the short flanges i k fitting into the notches p and being hooked 1 into underlying relation to said notched portions p of the two adjacent shingles. The fastener is secured by a plurality of nails 0' driven through the plate 0 and panel (1,

and through the underlying shingles,'where- 115 as the lower straight edge a of the overlying shingle is tucked into the flange y of the fastener in a mmner to be confined against the underneath shingles and to be protected from the weather by said flange j.

In a similar manner, the fastener of Figure 7 is used in conjunction with shingles having notches p, straight lower edge a, and cut oflf corners 6, whereby the fastener is assembled for the panel 03 to lie in the angle formed by the proximate edges of the two adjacent shingles and for the plate a to overlap the shingles at the cut ofi corners 5 thereof, see Figure 5. In this form of fastener, the longer flange m is in underhooking relation to the notched edges 1) of the adjacent shingles, with the endportions of the flange m extending into the notches p, see Figure 5, whereas the upstanding flanges Z n receive the straight lower edge a of the overlying shingle, said flanges Z n being in contact with the straight lower edge a at the end portions thereof next to the side edges of the shingle A see Figure 5.

In the several forms of our invention as herein shown and described, the shingles and the fasteners are so fashioned as to mutually contribute to accuracy and precision in the assemblage of both shingles and fasteners, for the reason that the panels of said fasteners are in contact with the proximate edges of two adjacent shingles, and the lower. straight edges 0 of the shingles are tucked into or received within the upstanding locking element. The fasteners and theshingles are fixedly secured by nails which are protected from the weather, and said, fasteners are not only in contact with the underlying shingles, but are in locked relation to the lower otherwise exposed edges a of the overlying shingles in a manner to accord protection thereto against the effects of the weather, but also to preclude curling of the saidedges and'to form a bar rier against the tendency of wind pressure to lift and thus displace the edges of the shingles.

Having thus fully described the invention, whatwe claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is: y

1. A shingle fastener embodying a body member provided with a plurality of converging shoulders in ofi standing relation to the plane of saidbodymember, and'a plu rality of locking members extending from the body ,member in opposite directions to one another.

2. A shingle fastener embodying a body member provided with a plurality of converging shoulders in offstanding relation to the plane of said body member, a locking.

element extending in one direction from said body member, and a plurality of looking elements extending from the body in an opposite direction to the first named locking element.

In testimony whereof we have hereto signed'our names this 10th day of February, 1923, 15th day of January 1923, respectively.

HUGH MAGINNES. WILLIAM J, RILEY. 

